03012nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260004100227520240700268653003202675100001802707700002102725856013202746 2014 eng d00aNeoichnology of Costa Rican bats: track morphology and trackmaking ability of phyllostomid and emballonurid bats0 aNeoichnology of Costa Rican bats track morphology and trackmakin aVancouver, British Columbiac10/20143 a

Of the four groups of animals to have developed powered flight, only bats are unknown from the trace fossil record. In comparison, pterosaurs, flying quadrupeds like bats, are recognized from at least three valid ichnogenera that are known from every continent except Antarctica. With a body fossil record of over 52 million years combined with the rapid colonization of most continents, bats are ideal candidates to have produced trace fossils. Modern bats display a wide range of terrestrial abilities, from aerial insectivores, to those that forage for insects and other arthropods on the ground, to the New Zealand short-tailed bat and common vampire bat that possess a suite of terrestrial behaviors including running and hopping. We present the first broad survey of trackmaking ability in an ecologically diverse family of Neotropical bats, the Phyllostomidae, as well as representatives from another New World family, the Emballonuridae. In late June and early July 2014, trackmaking trials were conducted with members of the five Costa Rican subfamilies of Phyllostomidae: Carollia perspicillata and C. sowelli (Carollinae), Lonchorhina aurita and Micronycteris microtus (Phyllostominae), Demanura phaeotis and Artibeus lituratus (Stenodermatinae), Desmodus rotundus (Desmodontinae), and Hylonycteris underwoodi (Glossophaginae), and the emballonurid Saccopteryx bilineata. These bats represent different ecological niches and hindlimb morphologies resulting in differing terrestrial behaviors and track morphology. Most bats were limited to an uncoordinated terrestrial gait that we have termed the breaststrokelike crawl, while a few, notably Desmodus, proved terrestrially adept. Tracks produced corresponded primarily to the forelimbs, while hindlimb tracks were much less likely to be preserved. Various track morphologies produced include linear and arcuate tracks corresponding to digit one of the manus, and isolated and clustered pedal traces featuring four or five subparallel digit impressions. Only Desmodus produced definitive trackways. This research will better illuminate what bat tracks and trackways may look like in the rock record, and future research will address how trackways, such as those produced by Desmodus, compare to pterosaur trackways.

10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual1 aJones, M., T.1 aHasiotis, S., T. uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/neoichnology-costa-rican-bats-track-morphology-and-trackmaking-ability-phyllostomid-and02292nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007200041210006700113260003000180520177100210653003201981100001902013700002202032856010402054 2014 eng d00aNeoichnology and Tracemaking Behavior of Desmodus rotundus 0 aNeoichnology and Tracemaking Behavior of i Desmodus rotundus i aAlbany, New Yorkc10/20143 a

Trace fossils are useful tools for interpreting the behavior of extinct and ancient organisms as well as providing clues to the potential distribution and occurrence of organisms in areas where body fossils are absent. Tracks and trackways of flying organisms are present in the fossil record, including insects, birds, and pterosaurs; bat trace fossils, however, are not known. The absence of bat trace fossils may be due to their small size, unfavorable preservation conditions of the environment, or misidentification. The lack of traces is likely not due to an aversion to terrestrial locomotion, as modern bats display a range of terrestrial abilities from strictly aerial insectivores to the unique terrestrial behaviors of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and the New Zealand short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata). We present the first study of the trackway-making ability of the common vampire bat, and compare it to the terrestrially inept genus Carollia. Four Desmodus rotundus were captured at Reserva Ecológica Bijagual de Sarapiquí in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica during early summer 2014. A custom-built Plexiglas® and PVC enclosure allowed the bats to walk across sediment but prevented them from flying. The resulting trackmaking behaviors were video recorded and trackways were cast with plaster and analyzed. All Desmodus exhibited a more typical quadrupedal gait than did Carollia. Desmodus, in contrast, did not display the breaststrokelike crawl performed by the less terrestrially-adept species. Trackways produced by Desmodus are characterized by deep manus impressions and scattered, more infrequent pedal tracks.

10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual1 aJones, Matthew1 aHasiotis, Stephen uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/neoichnology-and-tracemaking-behavior-i-desmodus-rotundus-i00781nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162490000700231653001500238653001500253653001900268653003200287653002200319653001700341100002200358700002100380700001800401700002400419856013200443 2008 eng d00aObservations of cavity-roosting behavior in Costa Rican Lophostoma brasiliense (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)0 aObservations of cavityroosting behavior in Costa Rican i Lophost0 v7310aCosta Rica10aLophostoma10aPhyllostomidae10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual10aroosting behavior10atermite nest1 aYork, Heather, A.1 aFoster, Paul, F.1 aJones, M., F.1 aSchwarz, Walter, H. uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/observations-cavity-roosting-behavior-costa-rican-i-lophostoma-brasiliense-i-chiroptera02412nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001600235300001600251490000700267520152900274653001301803653001001816653001401826653001601840653001601856653002301872653003201895653002001927653001801947100002101965700002401986856013602010 2009 eng d a0022-237200aStable-isotope Analysis of Diets of Short-tailed Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Carollia )0 aStableisotope Analysis of Diets of Shorttailed Fruit Bats Chirop cMar-12-2010 a1469 - 14770 v903 a

The coexistence of multiple species of short-tailed fruit bats (Phyllostomidae: Carollia) is common throughout the range of the genus. Previous studies of fecal and stomach contents have documented differences in dietary breadth and in habitat use as mechanisms by which these species may partition dietary niches. By comparing values of ð15N and δ13C across species of Carollia from 17 sites in Central and South America, we show that co-occurring Carollia frequently differ in dietary breadth, foraging habitats, and level of insectivory. Values of δ15N, which tended to be enriched in C. castanea, depleted in C. perspicillata, and intermediate in C. brevicauda and C. sowelli, indicate trophic stratification. Values of δ13C followed the opposite trend, tending to be enriched in C. perspicillata and depleted in C. castanea, suggesting interspecific differences in breadth of the foraging area. Isotopic comparisons among Carollia, other bat species, and potential food items at 5 of our sites illustrate that populations of Carollia tend to be trophically intermediate between strictly phytophagous and strictly insectivorous organisms, and, contrary to the paucity of insect remains found in fecal samples, indicate that the consumption of insects by Carollia is more common and potentially more important than previously was thought.

10aCarollia10afeces10afrugivory10ahabitat use10ainsectivory10aniche partitioning10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual10astable isotopes10atrophic level1 aYork, Heather, A1 aBillings, Sharon, A uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/stable-isotope-analysis-diets-short-tailed-fruit-bats-chiroptera-phyllostomidaei-carollia-i