02422nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016100055210006900216260001600285300001400301490000700315520156200322100002201884700002701906700002901933700002001962700002601982700002102008700002102029856015402050 2014 eng d a0030-605300aFactors influencing the occurrence of the Endangered Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii : potential flagship species for a Costa Rican biological corridor0 aFactors influencing the occurrence of the Endangered Bairds tapi cJan-07-2014 a402 - 4090 v483 a

Baird’s tapir Tapirus bairdii is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is considered rare and locally extirpated from most of its historic range in Costa Rica. We conducted camera-trap and track surveys at 38 forested sites in and around the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. Cameras were set along established game trails and natural funnels and operated for 14–38 days per site. Additionally, we documented tapir tracks at many sites. We used survey photographs and track presence to create detection histories to estimate the habitat and survey-specific variables that influence the probability of detection and the probability of occurrence of Baird’s tapir. The two major protected areas within and adjacent to the corridor were most positively associated with tapir occurrence, and forest cover and native and exotic tree plantations were also positively associated with tapirs’ use of sites. Although the Baird’s tapir is rare, our findings suggest that it is more resilient and better able to use available habitat in the fragmented corridor than previously thought. This is most likely a consequence of increased forest cover from reforestation and tree plantations and limited hunting pressure. Given its charismatic nature we recommend that Baird’s tapir could be used as a flagship species for the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor, to raise local awareness about conservation and increase economic growth from ecotourism.

1 aCove, Michael, V.1 aVargas, Lain, E. Pardo1 ade la Cruz, Juan, Camilo1 aSpinola, Manuel1 aJackson, Victoria, L.1 aSaénz, Joel, C.1 aChassot, Olivier uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0030605313000070https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S003060531300007001010nas a2200205 4500008004100000245005800041210005100099490000700150520040600157653001200563653001400575653001300589653003200602653001700634653001300651100001900664700001500683700002300698856008300721 2014 eng d00aA new species of Macbrideola from Costa Rica0 anew species of i Macbrideola i from Costa Rica0 v383 a

Macbrideola spinosispora is described as a species new to science based on material collected in a lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. This new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the violaceous color of the sporotheca, the loose and flexuous capillitium and the conspicuously spiny spores. Images are provided of diagnostic morphological features.

10aecology10amycobiota10aProtozoa10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual10aStemonitales10ataxonomy1 aWalker, L., M.1 aMoreno, G.1 aStephenson, S., L. uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/new-species-i-macbrideola-i-costa-rica03012nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260004100227520240700268653003202675100001802707700002102725856013202746 2014 eng d00aNeoichnology of Costa Rican bats: track morphology and trackmaking ability of phyllostomid and emballonurid bats0 aNeoichnology of Costa Rican bats track morphology and trackmakin aVancouver, British Columbiac10/20143 a

Of the four groups of animals to have developed powered flight, only bats are unknown from the trace fossil record. In comparison, pterosaurs, flying quadrupeds like bats, are recognized from at least three valid ichnogenera that are known from every continent except Antarctica. With a body fossil record of over 52 million years combined with the rapid colonization of most continents, bats are ideal candidates to have produced trace fossils. Modern bats display a wide range of terrestrial abilities, from aerial insectivores, to those that forage for insects and other arthropods on the ground, to the New Zealand short-tailed bat and common vampire bat that possess a suite of terrestrial behaviors including running and hopping. We present the first broad survey of trackmaking ability in an ecologically diverse family of Neotropical bats, the Phyllostomidae, as well as representatives from another New World family, the Emballonuridae. In late June and early July 2014, trackmaking trials were conducted with members of the five Costa Rican subfamilies of Phyllostomidae: Carollia perspicillata and C. sowelli (Carollinae), Lonchorhina aurita and Micronycteris microtus (Phyllostominae), Demanura phaeotis and Artibeus lituratus (Stenodermatinae), Desmodus rotundus (Desmodontinae), and Hylonycteris underwoodi (Glossophaginae), and the emballonurid Saccopteryx bilineata. These bats represent different ecological niches and hindlimb morphologies resulting in differing terrestrial behaviors and track morphology. Most bats were limited to an uncoordinated terrestrial gait that we have termed the breaststrokelike crawl, while a few, notably Desmodus, proved terrestrially adept. Tracks produced corresponded primarily to the forelimbs, while hindlimb tracks were much less likely to be preserved. Various track morphologies produced include linear and arcuate tracks corresponding to digit one of the manus, and isolated and clustered pedal traces featuring four or five subparallel digit impressions. Only Desmodus produced definitive trackways. This research will better illuminate what bat tracks and trackways may look like in the rock record, and future research will address how trackways, such as those produced by Desmodus, compare to pterosaur trackways.

10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual1 aJones, M., T.1 aHasiotis, S., T. uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/neoichnology-costa-rican-bats-track-morphology-and-trackmaking-ability-phyllostomid-and02292nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007200041210006700113260003000180520177100210653003201981100001902013700002202032856010402054 2014 eng d00aNeoichnology and Tracemaking Behavior of Desmodus rotundus 0 aNeoichnology and Tracemaking Behavior of i Desmodus rotundus i aAlbany, New Yorkc10/20143 a

Trace fossils are useful tools for interpreting the behavior of extinct and ancient organisms as well as providing clues to the potential distribution and occurrence of organisms in areas where body fossils are absent. Tracks and trackways of flying organisms are present in the fossil record, including insects, birds, and pterosaurs; bat trace fossils, however, are not known. The absence of bat trace fossils may be due to their small size, unfavorable preservation conditions of the environment, or misidentification. The lack of traces is likely not due to an aversion to terrestrial locomotion, as modern bats display a range of terrestrial abilities from strictly aerial insectivores to the unique terrestrial behaviors of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and the New Zealand short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata). We present the first study of the trackway-making ability of the common vampire bat, and compare it to the terrestrially inept genus Carollia. Four Desmodus rotundus were captured at Reserva Ecológica Bijagual de Sarapiquí in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica during early summer 2014. A custom-built Plexiglas® and PVC enclosure allowed the bats to walk across sediment but prevented them from flying. The resulting trackmaking behaviors were video recorded and trackways were cast with plaster and analyzed. All Desmodus exhibited a more typical quadrupedal gait than did Carollia. Desmodus, in contrast, did not display the breaststrokelike crawl performed by the less terrestrially-adept species. Trackways produced by Desmodus are characterized by deep manus impressions and scattered, more infrequent pedal tracks.

10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual1 aJones, Matthew1 aHasiotis, Stephen uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/neoichnology-and-tracemaking-behavior-i-desmodus-rotundus-i00829nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153490000700222653001500229653002200244653003200266653003200298653001400330653002000344100002200364700002100386700002400407700002200431700002300453856013500476 2014 eng d00aEffect of clonal reproduction on genetic structure in Pentaclethra macroloba (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)0 aEffect of clonal reproduction on genetic structure in iPentaclet0 v6210aCosta Rica10agenetic diversity10aLa Selva Biological Station10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual10asprouting10atropical forest1 aGaddis, Keith, D.1 aZukin, Helen, L.1 aDieterich, Inca, A.1 aBraker, Elizabeth1 aSork, Victoria, L. uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/effect-clonal-reproduction-genetic-structure-ipentaclethra-macrolobai-fabaceae-mimosoideae