02908nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260001600255300001400271490000700285520206700292653002402359653001702383653001502400653001802415653002102433653001402454100002702468700002202495700002002517700002902537700002102566856005502587 2016 eng d a0960-311500aAssessing species traits and landscape relationships of the mammalian carnivore community in a neotropical biological corridor0 aAssessing species traits and landscape relationships of the mamm cJan-04-2016 a739 - 7520 v253 a

Mammalian carnivores play an important role in regulating food webs and ecosystems. While many carnivore populations are facing various threats such as habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and illegal trade, others have adapted to human-dominated landscapes. Information about Neotropical carnivore communities in particular is limited, especially in disturbed landscapes. We conducted a camera trap survey at 38 sites across the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor in Costa Rica to assess occupancy and detection probabilities of the carnivore community. We developed hypotheses within a likelihood-based framework in order to determine the landscape features and species traits (diet and size) that influenced their occupancy. We detected nine of the 13 native carnivores predicted to occur in the corridor. When modeled separately, each species responded to land cover changes differently, suggesting no strong community-wide predictors of occupancy. We then modeled three separate guilds within the carnivore community: omnivorous mesopredators, obligate carnivorous mesopredators, and apex predators. These community guild models revealed a negative relationship between omnivorous mesopredators and increasing forest and tree plantation cover, suggesting omnivores utilize forest fragments and edge habitats in agricultural landscapes. Obligate carnivorous mesopredator models did not reveal any strong habitat relationships, but landscape effects tended to contradict our a priori predictions. Apex predators were positively associated with increasing forest and tree plantation cover, protected areas, and increasing distances to villages. Alarmingly, apex predators and obligate carnivorous mesopredators were generally rare within the biological corridor. A lack of top-down control alone might result in heightened occupancy for all mesopredators, but because the community is dominated by omnivorous species, bottom-up release from human-induced land cover changes and resource provision may better explain their high occupancy.

10aBiological corridor10acamera traps10aCarnivores10aMesopredators10aOccupancy models10aOmnivores1 aVargas, Lain, E. Pardo1 aCove, Michael, V.1 aSpinola, Manuel1 ade la Cruz, Juan, Camilo1 aSaénz, Joel, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-016-1089-702422nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016100055210006900216260001600285300001400301490000700315520156200322100002201884700002701906700002901933700002001962700002601982700002102008700002102029856015402050 2014 eng d a0030-605300aFactors influencing the occurrence of the Endangered Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii : potential flagship species for a Costa Rican biological corridor0 aFactors influencing the occurrence of the Endangered Bairds tapi cJan-07-2014 a402 - 4090 v483 a

Baird’s tapir Tapirus bairdii is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is considered rare and locally extirpated from most of its historic range in Costa Rica. We conducted camera-trap and track surveys at 38 forested sites in and around the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. Cameras were set along established game trails and natural funnels and operated for 14–38 days per site. Additionally, we documented tapir tracks at many sites. We used survey photographs and track presence to create detection histories to estimate the habitat and survey-specific variables that influence the probability of detection and the probability of occurrence of Baird’s tapir. The two major protected areas within and adjacent to the corridor were most positively associated with tapir occurrence, and forest cover and native and exotic tree plantations were also positively associated with tapirs’ use of sites. Although the Baird’s tapir is rare, our findings suggest that it is more resilient and better able to use available habitat in the fragmented corridor than previously thought. This is most likely a consequence of increased forest cover from reforestation and tree plantations and limited hunting pressure. Given its charismatic nature we recommend that Baird’s tapir could be used as a flagship species for the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor, to raise local awareness about conservation and increase economic growth from ecotourism.

1 aCove, Michael, V.1 aVargas, Lain, E. Pardo1 ade la Cruz, Juan, Camilo1 aSpinola, Manuel1 aJackson, Victoria, L.1 aSaénz, Joel, C.1 aChassot, Olivier uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0030605313000070https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S003060531300007000781nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162490000700231653001500238653001500253653001900268653003200287653002200319653001700341100002200358700002100380700001800401700002400419856013200443 2008 eng d00aObservations of cavity-roosting behavior in Costa Rican Lophostoma brasiliense (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)0 aObservations of cavityroosting behavior in Costa Rican i Lophost0 v7310aCosta Rica10aLophostoma10aPhyllostomidae10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual10aroosting behavior10atermite nest1 aYork, Heather, A.1 aFoster, Paul, F.1 aJones, M., F.1 aSchwarz, Walter, H. uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/observations-cavity-roosting-behavior-costa-rican-i-lophostoma-brasiliense-i-chiroptera02412nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001600235300001600251490000700267520152900274653001301803653001001816653001401826653001601840653001601856653002301872653003201895653002001927653001801947100002101965700002401986856013602010 2009 eng d a0022-237200aStable-isotope Analysis of Diets of Short-tailed Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Carollia )0 aStableisotope Analysis of Diets of Shorttailed Fruit Bats Chirop cMar-12-2010 a1469 - 14770 v903 a

The coexistence of multiple species of short-tailed fruit bats (Phyllostomidae: Carollia) is common throughout the range of the genus. Previous studies of fecal and stomach contents have documented differences in dietary breadth and in habitat use as mechanisms by which these species may partition dietary niches. By comparing values of ð15N and δ13C across species of Carollia from 17 sites in Central and South America, we show that co-occurring Carollia frequently differ in dietary breadth, foraging habitats, and level of insectivory. Values of δ15N, which tended to be enriched in C. castanea, depleted in C. perspicillata, and intermediate in C. brevicauda and C. sowelli, indicate trophic stratification. Values of δ13C followed the opposite trend, tending to be enriched in C. perspicillata and depleted in C. castanea, suggesting interspecific differences in breadth of the foraging area. Isotopic comparisons among Carollia, other bat species, and potential food items at 5 of our sites illustrate that populations of Carollia tend to be trophically intermediate between strictly phytophagous and strictly insectivorous organisms, and, contrary to the paucity of insect remains found in fecal samples, indicate that the consumption of insects by Carollia is more common and potentially more important than previously was thought.

10aCarollia10afeces10afrugivory10ahabitat use10ainsectivory10aniche partitioning10aReserva Ecológica Bijagual10astable isotopes10atrophic level1 aYork, Heather, A1 aBillings, Sharon, A uhttps://bijagual.myspecies.info/content/stable-isotope-analysis-diets-short-tailed-fruit-bats-chiroptera-phyllostomidaei-carollia-i